The Importance of Epidural Analgesia in the Management of Pain in Postoperative Patients Free Essay Example, 3000 words

Perception is the process through which harmful stimuli get to consciousness in the human brain (Bressler, 2010). Perception takes two shapes in the human brain; attention and cognition. With regard to attention, Mr Johnston can reduce the level of his pain by concentrating on a separate image other than his condition (Motoc Vasca, 2010). The cognitive aspect of pain, on the other hand, would be anchored on Mr Johnston s ability to relate his pain to another event. As an illustration, a setting of depression is likely to make Mr Johnston s pain more severe compared to when he can be in a pleasant environment (Mathsen Smith, 2007). The postoperative pain of Mr Johnstone has made him suffer from a number of adverse effects ranging from urinary, cardiovascular, and pulmonary dysfunction. The body of Mr Johnson s response to pain is the root of all these harmful effects. Ideally, the pain and stress associated with surgery trigger regular and distinct metabolic response that includes the release of cytokines and neuroendocrine hormones that culminates in these toxic effects (Almeida et al, 2011). Stress, in particular, has far-reaching consequences on surgical patients; it raises the level of active catabolic hormones, glucagon, growth hormone, and adrenocorticotropin. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Epidural Analgesia in the Management of Pain in Postoperative Patients or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Such inhibition by these muscles causes retention of urine and subsequently, the urinary tract is infected. Clearly, these complications have resulted in Mr Johnston being subjected to an indwelling catheter (Mathsen Smith, 2007). Johnston s heart rate is indicated as HR 62 regular. Although it is regular, it is clearly below that of a normal person, which is HR 72 regular.